Pdf gut microbiotas and host evolution scaling up symbiosis
These can interact with a host at the individual level (within‐host dynamics) and at the population level through intraguild interactions and potentially via other members of the community in which these species are embedded. The use of natural enemies to suppress pest populations in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry means that it is important to understand how interactions between
Cospeciation of gut microbiota with hominids – Andrew H. Moeller – Science – July 2016 Review : Gut Microbiotas and Host Evolution: Scaling Up Symbiosis – Michael Shapira – Trends in Ecology & Evolution – July 2016
Parental- and/or kin-to- offspring transmission of microbiotas could promote the co-evolution of whole communities with their host species by stabilizing the associations between particular host and microbial lineages.
The gut microbiota structure reflects both a host phylogenetic history and a signature of adaptation to the host ecological, mainly trophic niches.
Host-microbiota interactions in Caenorhabditis elegans and their significance Shapira, M. Current Opinion in Microbiology 38: 142-147 ( 2017 ) Abstract Article
18 Michael Shapira, Gut Microbiotas and Host Evolution: Scaling Up Symbiosis, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2016, 31, 7, 539CrossRef 19 Wen Wang , Jian Cao , Fang Yang , Xuelian Wang , Sisi Zheng , Kirill Sharshov , Laixing Li , High-throughput sequencing reveals the core gut microbiome of Bar-headed goose (Anser indicus) in different wintering areas in Tibet, MicrobiologyOpen , 2016 , 5 , 2
Desert locusts have the potential to serve as a powerful model system for understanding the behavioural and physiological processes that contribute to selection of gut microbes as well as their influence on host nervous systems.
1. Introduction. The microbiota is a fundamental and dynamic dimension of individuals, shaped by physiological, dietary and social factors , and can in turn affect host development, metabolism and susceptibility to pathogens [2,3].
Overall, the gut microbiota differences found among syntopic aquatic animals are likely shaped by both food preferences and host identity. Keywords Bacterialcommunity .Gut .Tadpoles .Aquaticinvertebrates .16SrRNA .Illuminasequencing
Since different experimental protocols generate technical biases in drawing the gut microbiota profiles, the integrative analysis of gut microbiota produced by different studies must be performed with circumspection. In this study, we compared the efficacy of two DNA extraction methods (i.e., a phenol-chloroform method and TIANamp Stool DNA Kit) in describing intestinal and fecal bacterial
Fungal endophytes are found in asymptomatic photosynthetic tissues of all major lineages of land plants. The ubiquity of these cryptic symbionts is clear, but the scale of their diversity, host range, and geographic distributions are unknown.
Thus, the intestinal microbiota and the host mucosal immune system need to be seen as an ecological unit consisting of interacting and exchangeable components, in which the microbiota shapes the immune system and the immune system influences the microbiota composition.

Michael Shapira Research UC Berkeley

Do gut microbes shape our evolution? Research UC Berkeley
Gut Microbiota and Host Evolution – Scaling Up Symbiosis Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 2016; 31(7): 539-549 16. Evolution of Human Microbiome – Factors B. Ravinder Reddy Cho I, Blaser MJ.
Shapira, M. (2016) Gut Microbiotas and Host Evolution: Scaling Up Symbiosis. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, Volume 31, Issue 7, p539–549, July 2016.
The trillions of microbes living in the gut—the gut microbiota—play an important role in human biology and disease. While much has been done to explore its diversity, a full understanding of our microbiomes demands an evolutionary perspective.
The gut microbiota in the evolution of humans from primate ancestors. Initial studies indicate that different aspects of the gut microbiota can distinguish human populations according to their histories and lifestyles, including diet.
Abstract. Gut microbiota are determined by both the food ingested and physiological conditions of the host. In soil food webs, detritivore animals occupy various trophic niches, spanning from primary decomposers to predators.
In general, the gut microbiota is a multilayered structure, composed of both a core microbiota under host genetic and immune control and a flexible pool of microbes modulated by the environment [2, 3].
By contrast, Michael Shapira in a recent paper published in Trends in Ecology and Evolution argues that cooperation is the key to co-evolution of the host-microbiota collective. He writes: “overall, host–microbiota interactions describe a mutualistic symbiosis.”

Given that the gut microbiota performs multiple services for the host, as described above, there may be limitations, tradeoffs, and interactions between these functions. For example, supplementing diets of cattle with urea can enhance microbial fermentation as revealed by …
Gut Microbiotas And Host Evolution: Scaling Up Symbiosis understanding of symbionts and their contributions to host evolution to evaluate recent data demonstrating similar contributions of gut microbiotas. it further considers a multilayered model for
genome evolution that will be necessary to understand the lab and the rest of the class content on microbial symbiosis. The reading assignments will review papers in the area
Although the cause for a potential disruption of this symbiosis is unclear, it infects up to 60% of all arthropod species, including endemic Hawaiian insect lineages (e.g., Nesophrosyne and Drosophila) and is known to have parasitic or mutualistic interactions with its hosts [75,76,77,78,79]. Whole-body surveys of insect microbiomes provide an opportunity to screen for non-gut associated
Abstract. Symbiosis is a process that can generate evolutionary novelties and can extend the phenotypic niche space of organisms. Symbionts can act together with their hosts to co-construct host organs, within which symbionts are housed.
The western world has witnessed a rising epidemic of chronic inflammatory disorders, such as allergies and asthma. This epidemic is expected to spread also to the rest of the world, where allergies have to date been practically absent, along with adoption of western lifestyle.
Our gut microbes are key to our health, but they may also shape our evolution, according to a new hypothesis. Expanding on the concept of the hologenome — the host genome together with the
PDF Bacterial symbionts of eukaryotes often give up generalist lifestyles to specialize to particular hosts. The eusocial honey bees and bumble bees harbor two such specialized gut symbionts
The symbiotic co-habitation of bacteria in the host colon is mutually beneficial to both partners. While the host provides the place and food for the bacteria to colonize and live, the bacteria in turn help the host in energy and nutritional homeostasis, development and maturation of the mucosal
Abstract. Symbioses are ubiquitous and have played an influential role in the evolution of life on Earth. Genomic studies are now revealing a huge diversity of associations among hosts and their microbiotas, allowing us to characterize their complex ecological and evolutionary dynamics.

The gut microbiome (the collection of microbial genomes) offers increased genetic variation compared with the host genome, faster evolution, and the ability to exchange microbes (and their genes and associated functions) with the environment, features that could contribute to host adaptation.
Gut Microbiotas and Host Evolution: Scaling Up Symbiosis. Abstract Our understanding of species evolution is undergoing restructuring. It is well accepted that host-symbiont coevolution is responsible for fundamental aspects of biology.
For example, the diversity and function of the mammalian gut microbiota are sculpted by host diet, phylogeny, and gut anatomy (Ley etal. 2008; Muegge etal. 2011). Across distantly related mammals, a diet of ants (myrmecophagy) has resulted in convergence of the gut microbial community structure ( Delsuc etal. 2014 ).
Many studies have demonstrated the importance of the gut microbiota in healthy and disease states. However, establishing the causality of host-microbiota interactions in humans is still challenging. Here, we describe a novel experimental system to define the transcriptional response induced by the microbiota for human cells and to shed light on
There are several kinds of symbiosis to consider when looking for examples of In this type of parasitic relationship, the host needs to stay alive and it is not Example: Dogs and humans have enjoyed a mutualistic symbiosis for centuries.
Review Gut Microbiotas and Host Evolution: Scaling Up Symbiosis Michael Shapira1,* Our understanding of species evolution is undergoing restructuring. It is well
Gut microbiotas expand current notions on how symbionts shape host evolution. The hologenome model proposes that the host genome and its microbiome combined make a unit of evolution jointly undergoing selection.
The human microbiome in evolution BMC Biology Full Text
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is used as a central model system across biological disciplines. Surprisingly, almost all research with this worm is performed in the absence of its native microbiome, possibly affecting generality of the obtained results.
Orsay virus infection of N2 animals did not significantly influence microbial diversity, while rde-1 deficiency was associated with decreased microbial diversity, which was further reduced by Orsay virus infection. The gut microbiota status is a determining factor of host …
Microbiome composition is linked to host functional traits including metabolism and immune function. Drivers of microbiome composition are increasingly well-characterised; however, evidence of group-level microbiome convergence is limited and may represent a multi-level trait (i.e. across
select article Gut Microbiotas and Host Evolution: Scaling Up Symbiosis Review article Full text access Gut Microbiotas and Host Evolution: Scaling Up Symbiosis
Review: Gut Microbiotas and Host Evolution: Scaling Up Symbiosis – Michael Shapira – Trends in Ecology and Evolution Pregnancy and birth Conference abstract: Neonatal microbiota in health and disease – P. Panigrahi – International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Our understanding of species evolution is undergoing restructuring. It is well accepted that host-symbiont coevolution is responsible for fundamental aspects of biology.
To gauge the relative contributions of host genetics and environment, specifically the microbial diversity, we characterized the gut microbiotas of Caenorhabditis species spanning 200–300 million years of evolution, and raised on different composted soil environments. Comparisons were based on 16S rDNA deep sequencing data, as well as on functional evaluation of gut isolates. Worm
Full Text Gut Microbiotas and Host Evolution: Scaling Up Symbiosis by Shapira, Michael Trends in Ecology & Evolution, ISSN 0169-5347, 07/2016, Volume 31, Issue 7, pp. 539 – 549
Gut Microbiotas and Host Evolution: Scaling Up Symbiosis Our understanding of species evolution is undergoing restructuring. It is well accepted that host–symbiont coevolution is responsible for fundamental aspects of biology.
However, much of our current interest is focused on the gut microbiota, its shaping by the host, its contributions to host immunity and aging, and its potential contributions to host evolution. Work in the Shapira lab spans the range between molecular mechanisms and population-level experimental evolution. To achieve this, research at the Shapira lab takes advantage of the nematode – evolution of cost accounting pdf The effect of barley intake depends on the host and the associated gut microbiota. This study investigated the effect of barley intake on the fecal microbiota, caecal biochemistry, and key biomarkers of obesity and inflammation.
This review builds on current understanding of symbionts and their contributions to host evolution to evaluate recent data demonstrating similar contributions of gut microbiotas. It further considers a multilayered model for microbiota to account for emerging themes in host–microbiota interactions. Drawing on the structure of bacterial genomes, this model distinguishes between a host-adapted
A new study finds evidence of similar co-evolution trajectories of hominids and their gut microbiota over millions of years.
Introduction “The time has come to replace the purely reductionist ‘eyes-down’ molecular perspective with a new and genuinely holistic, eyes-up, view of the living world, one whose primary focus is on evolution, emergence, and biology’s innate complexity.
Assembly of the Caenorhabditis elegans gut microbiota from diverse soil microbial environments. Maureen Berg; Ben Stenuit; Joshua Ho; Andrew Wang ; Caitlin Parke; Matthew Knight; Lisa Alvarez-Cohen; Michael Shapira; The ISME journal. Published on 22 Jan 2016. 0 views XX downloads; XX citations; Gut Microbiotas and Host Evolution: Scaling Up Symbiosis. Michael Shapira; Trends …
scientific article Q28076367) From Wikidata
However, much of the current interest is focused on the gut microbiota, its shaping by the host, its contributions to host immunity and aging, and its potential contributions to host evolution. Work in the Shapira lab spans the range between molecular mechanisms and population-level experimental evolution. To achieve this, research at the Shapira lab takes advantage of the nematode
Symbiosis, in particular is a complex investigation field as the nature of interactions between host and microbes can drastically change across evolution depending on changes in: (i) trophic interactions; (ii) symbionts transmission pathways among hosts; and (iii) coevolution.
The most extensive microbiota of an animal host is located in the gut, and Shapira says this microbiota could contribute to host adaptation in several ways. First, the gut microbiome comprises much more genetic variation than the host genome , and thus it could facilitate evolution …
For example, recent work suggests that metabolites released from the gut microbiota early in the life of the host influence the development of the brain and the blood–brain barrier (Braniste et al., 2014; Goyal et al., 2015), and there is increasing evidence for bacterial metabolites modulating the gut–brain axis (Perry et al., 2016).
Abstract The human intestine hosts a vast and complex microbial community that is vital for maintaining several functions related with host health. The processes that determine the gut microbiome composition are poorly understood, being the interaction between species, the external environment, and the relationship with the host the most feasible.
The gut microbiota is an important contributor to host health and fitness. Given its importance, microbiota composition should not be left to chance. However, what determines this composition is far from clear, with results supporting contributions of both environmental factors and host genetics. To gauge the relative contributions of host
The Biotic Environment Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases
microbiota provide host species-specific benefits, this should manifestinprolongeddevelopment,reducedmaximalgrowth, or decreased survival …
10 Michael Shapira, Gut Microbiotas and Host Evolution: Scaling Up Symbiosis, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2016, 31, 7, 539CrossRef 11 Maureen Berg , Xiao Ying Zhou , Michael Shapira , Host-Specific Functional Significance of Caenorhabditis Gut Commensals, Frontiers in Microbiology , 2016 , …
Gut Microbiotas and Host Evolution: Scaling Up Symbiosis, Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2016). DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.03.006 Journal reference: Trends in Ecology and Evolution
The most extensive microbiota of a mammal host is located in the gut, and Shapira says this particular microbiota could contribute to host adaptation in several ways. First, says Shapira, there are many more genes in the gut microbiome than there are in the human genome, so this extensive collection of microbial genes could facilitate more rapid evolution.
This study represents the largest genomic dataset of a symbiotic community and provides an important basis for the analysis of other complex symbioses, such as the human gut microbiota (Nature
The Latest Research on the Human Microbiome

Transgenerational developmental effects of species
Scientists increasingly realize the importance of gut and other microbes to our health and well-being, but one UC Berkeley biologist is asking whether these microbes — our microbiota — might also have played a role in shaping who we are by steering evolution.
Do gut microbes shape our evolution? Berkeley News

Holistic View on Health Two Protective Layers of Biodiversity

Trends in Ecology and Evolution Page 6 MedWorm

Solastalgia in the Anthropocene and the Ghedeist in the

Michael Shapira Integrative Biology
– The Origin of Mucosal Immunity Lessons from the Holobiont
Gut Microbiotas and Host Evolution Scaling Up Symbiosis

(PDF) Evolution of host specialization in gut microbes

Genetics Physiology and Evolutionary Relationships of

Michael Shapira Integrative Biology
Life without a mouth stomach or gut Phys.org

By contrast, Michael Shapira in a recent paper published in Trends in Ecology and Evolution argues that cooperation is the key to co-evolution of the host-microbiota collective. He writes: “overall, host–microbiota interactions describe a mutualistic symbiosis.”
Since different experimental protocols generate technical biases in drawing the gut microbiota profiles, the integrative analysis of gut microbiota produced by different studies must be performed with circumspection. In this study, we compared the efficacy of two DNA extraction methods (i.e., a phenol-chloroform method and TIANamp Stool DNA Kit) in describing intestinal and fecal bacterial
Assembly of the Caenorhabditis elegans gut microbiota from diverse soil microbial environments. Maureen Berg; Ben Stenuit; Joshua Ho; Andrew Wang ; Caitlin Parke; Matthew Knight; Lisa Alvarez-Cohen; Michael Shapira; The ISME journal. Published on 22 Jan 2016. 0 views XX downloads; XX citations; Gut Microbiotas and Host Evolution: Scaling Up Symbiosis. Michael Shapira; Trends …
This review builds on current understanding of symbionts and their contributions to host evolution to evaluate recent data demonstrating similar contributions of gut microbiotas. It further considers a multilayered model for microbiota to account for emerging themes in host–microbiota interactions. Drawing on the structure of bacterial genomes, this model distinguishes between a host-adapted
Given that the gut microbiota performs multiple services for the host, as described above, there may be limitations, tradeoffs, and interactions between these functions. For example, supplementing diets of cattle with urea can enhance microbial fermentation as revealed by …
genome evolution that will be necessary to understand the lab and the rest of the class content on microbial symbiosis. The reading assignments will review papers in the area
Gut Microbiotas and Host Evolution: Scaling Up Symbiosis, Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2016). DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.03.006 Journal reference: Trends in Ecology and Evolution
To gauge the relative contributions of host genetics and environment, specifically the microbial diversity, we characterized the gut microbiotas of Caenorhabditis species spanning 200–300 million years of evolution, and raised on different composted soil environments. Comparisons were based on 16S rDNA deep sequencing data, as well as on functional evaluation of gut isolates. Worm
Gut Microbiota and Host Evolution – Scaling Up Symbiosis Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 2016; 31(7): 539-549 16. Evolution of Human Microbiome – Factors B. Ravinder Reddy Cho I, Blaser MJ.
Gut Microbiotas and Host Evolution: Scaling Up Symbiosis. Abstract Our understanding of species evolution is undergoing restructuring. It is well accepted that host-symbiont coevolution is responsible for fundamental aspects of biology.
The trillions of microbes living in the gut—the gut microbiota—play an important role in human biology and disease. While much has been done to explore its diversity, a full understanding of our microbiomes demands an evolutionary perspective.
For example, the diversity and function of the mammalian gut microbiota are sculpted by host diet, phylogeny, and gut anatomy (Ley etal. 2008; Muegge etal. 2011). Across distantly related mammals, a diet of ants (myrmecophagy) has resulted in convergence of the gut microbial community structure ( Delsuc etal. 2014 ).
Desert locusts have the potential to serve as a powerful model system for understanding the behavioural and physiological processes that contribute to selection of gut microbes as well as their influence on host nervous systems.

A place for host–microbe symbiosis in the comparative
Frontiers The Shift of the Intestinal Microbiome in the

Fungal endophytes are found in asymptomatic photosynthetic tissues of all major lineages of land plants. The ubiquity of these cryptic symbionts is clear, but the scale of their diversity, host range, and geographic distributions are unknown.
To gauge the relative contributions of host genetics and environment, specifically the microbial diversity, we characterized the gut microbiotas of Caenorhabditis species spanning 200–300 million years of evolution, and raised on different composted soil environments. Comparisons were based on 16S rDNA deep sequencing data, as well as on functional evaluation of gut isolates. Worm
scientific article Q28076367) From Wikidata
Thus, the intestinal microbiota and the host mucosal immune system need to be seen as an ecological unit consisting of interacting and exchangeable components, in which the microbiota shapes the immune system and the immune system influences the microbiota composition.
Symbiosis, in particular is a complex investigation field as the nature of interactions between host and microbes can drastically change across evolution depending on changes in: (i) trophic interactions; (ii) symbionts transmission pathways among hosts; and (iii) coevolution.
Cospeciation of gut microbiota with hominids – Andrew H. Moeller – Science – July 2016 Review : Gut Microbiotas and Host Evolution: Scaling Up Symbiosis – Michael Shapira – Trends in Ecology & Evolution – July 2016
The most extensive microbiota of an animal host is located in the gut, and Shapira says this microbiota could contribute to host adaptation in several ways. First, the gut microbiome comprises much more genetic variation than the host genome , and thus it could facilitate evolution …
18 Michael Shapira, Gut Microbiotas and Host Evolution: Scaling Up Symbiosis, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2016, 31, 7, 539CrossRef 19 Wen Wang , Jian Cao , Fang Yang , Xuelian Wang , Sisi Zheng , Kirill Sharshov , Laixing Li , High-throughput sequencing reveals the core gut microbiome of Bar-headed goose (Anser indicus) in different wintering areas in Tibet, MicrobiologyOpen , 2016 , 5 , 2

Identifying the core microbial community in the gut of
Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model for Microbiome Research

To gauge the relative contributions of host genetics and environment, specifically the microbial diversity, we characterized the gut microbiotas of Caenorhabditis species spanning 200–300 million years of evolution, and raised on different composted soil environments. Comparisons were based on 16S rDNA deep sequencing data, as well as on functional evaluation of gut isolates. Worm
Given that the gut microbiota performs multiple services for the host, as described above, there may be limitations, tradeoffs, and interactions between these functions. For example, supplementing diets of cattle with urea can enhance microbial fermentation as revealed by …
Desert locusts have the potential to serve as a powerful model system for understanding the behavioural and physiological processes that contribute to selection of gut microbes as well as their influence on host nervous systems.
Host-microbiota interactions in Caenorhabditis elegans and their significance Shapira, M. Current Opinion in Microbiology 38: 142-147 ( 2017 ) Abstract Article
Scientists increasingly realize the importance of gut and other microbes to our health and well-being, but one UC Berkeley biologist is asking whether these microbes — our microbiota — might also have played a role in shaping who we are by steering evolution.
The western world has witnessed a rising epidemic of chronic inflammatory disorders, such as allergies and asthma. This epidemic is expected to spread also to the rest of the world, where allergies have to date been practically absent, along with adoption of western lifestyle.
A new study finds evidence of similar co-evolution trajectories of hominids and their gut microbiota over millions of years.
The gut microbiota in the evolution of humans from primate ancestors. Initial studies indicate that different aspects of the gut microbiota can distinguish human populations according to their histories and lifestyles, including diet.